CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION
Page 1
CHAPTER I
Appointed American Consul at Cyprus.—Arrival at Larnaca in 1865.—Description of the town.—Larnaca built on the ruins of Citium.—Its remains of Phoenician, Assyrian, and Greek art.—Foundations of a Phoenician and a Greek temple discovered.—Phoenician and Greek inscriptions found in them.—Diggings forbidden by the Turkish authorities.—Arrest of a Consular employé.—His release, and the satisfaction obtained from the Porte.
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CHAPTER II
Country life.—Cypriote customs.—Description of Dali.—Former excavations of French archaeologists.—Identification of site of Dali with that of Idalium.—Accidental discovery of a tomb.—Survey of the fields.—An extensive necropolis beneath them.—Purchase and lease of ground.—Arrival of the Firman.—Commencement of diggings.—Description of tombs and their contents.—Two tiers of tombs.—Charge of desecration of a Turkish cemetery.—Arrival of the Pasha, and removal of the Cadi of Dali.
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CHAPTER III
Several Consuls obtain Firmans to excavate.—Lively competition.—Mr. Lang discovers statues and bilingual inscription.—Patriarchal custom among Cypriote peasants.—Hadji Jorghi.—His imprisonment and sad death.—Rock-cut tombs at Alambra, with their peculiar pottery.—Clay figures believed by some to be children's toys.—Hills of Ambelliri.—Famous bronze tablet of the Duke de Luynes.—Village of Potamia.—Discovery of temple and tombs.—Several small cemeteries discovered east of Dali.
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CHAPTER IV
ATHIENO (GOLGOI)
Athieno a town of muleteers.—Identified by M. de Vogüé as the site of Golgoi.—Sketch of Golgoi.—Cypriote mode of travelling.—Unsuccessful explorations in 1867.—Discovery of a necropolis east of Golgoi.—An important sarcophagus and other sepulchral monuments discovered there.—Two men sent to dig in 1870.—Aghios Photios.—Discovery of colossal head and other sculptures.—Excitement of villagers.—Scene of confusion at night.
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CHAPTER V
Removal of sculptures to Larnaca.—Purchase of ground and recovery of purloined sculptures.—Systematic diggings commenced.—Discovery of more sculptures.—Survey of another field.—Discovery of a temple.—Portions of its foundations destroyed by French diggers.—Many hundred statues found in its area.—The Governor-General wants to stop the diggings.—Official correspondence with the Pasha.—Many inscriptions in Cypriote characters and with bas-reliefs.—Difficulty in removing the findings to Larnaca.
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CHAPTER VI
The Cretan revolution.—Cypriotes holding Greek passports ordered to leave the island within twenty days.—Protection of the Greek colony of Cyprus.—The Greeks of Cyprus and the Hellenic Government thank General Cesnola.—The Grand Vizier asks for his recall without success.—Bad faith and abuse of power by the Turks.—Refusal to allow the exportation of the discoveries.—The Turks circumvented and the collection shipped.
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CHAPTER VII
PAPHOS
Exploration of the S.E. coast of Cyprus.—Mode of travelling.—A modern priest.—Ormidia.—An extensive necropolis.—No traces of dwelling-houses or temples.—The sites of Throni and Leucolla identified by the author.—Ruins of Catalima.—Mysterious monolithic cone.—Discovery of five cemeteries.—Famagosta probably the ancient Arsinoe.—Criminals.—Kattirdji Janni, the Robin Hood of the Levant.—Salamis.—Prison and tomb of St. Catherine.—Church of St. Barnabas.—Two tumuli.—From Salamis to Cape St. Andreas evidence of Phoenician occupation.—Cemeteries and ruins.—Mediaeval castles.
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CHAPTER VIII
Paphos founded by Phoenicians.—Temple of Venus mentioned by Homer.—Its site near the shore.—Other Temple of Venus.—Paphos built on an eminence further inland.—City and temple destroyed by earthquakes.—Temple rebuilt by Vespasian.—Remains still visible.—Plan of the great temple.—Mosaic pavement.—Rock-cut tombs.—Site of temple partly occupied by the small village of Kouklia.
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CHAPTER IX
No ruins of Arsinoe on site mentioned by Strabo.—Garden and bath of Venus.—Neo-Paphos founded by Arcadians.—The Turks oppose diggings by force.—St. Paul's column.—Rock-cut tombs.—Imprisonment of two notable Turks.—Cape Acamas.—Ruins of ancient town of Soloi, its theatre.—Discovery of temple with statues and inscriptions.—Lapethus.—Discovery of temple with statues and inscriptions.—Cerynia now a fortress.—No remains of ancient city.—Scene with the Turks.—Abbey of Lapaïs.—Cerynia to Aphrodisium.—Ruins of four ancient towns near the seashore.—Harbour and temple of Aphrodisium.—Mediaeval castles of Buffavento and Kantara.—The hermit Simeon.—Cythrea.—Discovery of two temples.—Statues and inscriptions.—Nicosia.—Tombs of the oldest period.—The lepers.
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CHAPTER X
AMATHUS
Amathus founded by Phoenicians.—Worship of Tyrian Hercules.—Human sacrifices to Kronos.—Capture and destruction by Richard King of England.—Ruins, city walls, rock-cut tombs.—Mode of digging.—Stone-built tombs at depth of forty-five feet.—Fatal accident to Dr. Siegismund.—Discovery of large sculptured sarcophagus, its similarity to Lycian Frieze in British Museum.—Bronze shield with repoussé work.—Silver bowl with engraved design.—Search for copper mines.—Fasula.—Discovery of temple, statues, and inscriptions.—False alarm in camp at night.—Site of Tamassus.—Return to Amathus.—Removal of sarcophagus.—Visit of the Governor of Limassol.—Ruins of Aghios Tychona.—Departure for Curium.
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CHAPTER XI
CURIUM
Curium founded by Argives.—Identification of site.—Traces of town in plain below.—Theatre, several temples.—Hippodrome and aqueduct.—Cisterns or granaries, public wells.—Exploration of one of the temples.—Mosaic pavement.—Rock-cut vaults containing treasure.—Description of their contents.—Gold armlets with name of king of Paphos.—Tombs in neighbouring hills and plain.—Discovery of Temple of Apollo Hylates.—Greek inscriptions.—Statues from the neighbourhood.—Journey to Cape Gatto.—Discovery of Kuri, its cemetery.—Wild cats and asps.—Ruins of Greek convent at Acrotiri.—Return to Larnaca.—End of explorations.—Departure from the island.
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APPENDICES.
THE RINGS AND GEMS IN THE TREASURE OF CURIUM — 353
ON THE POTTERY OF CYPRUS — 393
GREEK INSCRIPTIONS — 413
INSCRIPTIONS IN THE CYPRIOTE CHARACTER — 437
INSCRIPTIONS IN THE PHOENICIAN CHARACTER — 441
INDEX — 443
THE CESNOLA COLLECTION IN THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART, NEW YORK, BY JOHN TAYLOR JOHNSTON, ESQ., PRESIDENT OF THE MUSEUM — 451